The VET2Sustain project investigates how Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Extended Reality (XR) technologies can be effectively integrated into vocational education and training (VET) systems across Europe. This research aims to identify both the opportunities and challenges associated with digital transformation in the VET sector.
Based on survey responses from 94 educators, administrators, and institutional leaders across multiple European countries, the study found that AI is currently more widely adopted than XR. Specifically, 65% of respondents reported using AI tools, often in lesson planning, automated content generation, and in providing tailored learning experiences. These applications allow teachers to save time, personalize learning, and offer real-time, adaptive feedback to support learners with diverse needs.
In contrast, XR technologies – such as virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) – are still in the early phases of implementation, with 33% of respondents having used them. Use cases are primarily experimental or part of funded pilot projects, focusing on immersive learning simulations, virtual safety drills, and hands-on skills training. Educators see high potential in XR for vocational contexts, especially where physical practice and spatial understanding are critical.
The reported benefits of both AI and XR include enhanced student engagement, improved accessibility for learners with varying needs, and more personalized educational pathways. Nevertheless, several significant barriers persist. These include a lack of structured training opportunities for teachers, insufficient infrastructure and access to necessary devices, and ethical issues related to data privacy, algorithmic bias, and responsible technology use.
Despite these challenges, the study reveals strong interest and optimism among educators. Respondents emphasized that they are willing to embrace new technologies if provided with appropriate training, technical support, and institutional vision. The project underscores the need for targeted professional development, clearer strategies at the institutional level, and further evidence on the effectiveness and impact of these technologies in VET environments.
As a forward-looking initiative, VET2Sustain sees AI and XR not merely as digital tools, but as powerful enablers of educational transformation. With careful planning and inclusive implementation, these technologies can help create more equitable, flexible, and learner-centered vocational training systems across Europe.
Check the website:
- https://vet2sustain.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/T5.1-VET2Sustain_Final-report.pdf
- https://vet2sustain.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Article-ENG-VET2Sustain-Survey-Findings.pdf
Check the Social Media:
- LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/vet2sustain
- Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/vet2sustain/
Authors of the article: Oona Haapakorpi (Omnia) and Keijo Haataja (ThingLink), 2025